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A Review Of Different Kinds Of Turbocharger Systems

By goodbusiness on August 15th, 2010

The structure of a turbocharger is quite simple yet effective. It consists of an engine exhaust manifold that releases hot pressurized exhaust fumes. They are directed to the turbine vane that starts to spin. The gas driven turbine vane is joined to the same rotating center shaft as the compressor impeller. The motion of the turbine vane brings compressor impeller into motion. Thus, when the turbine spins it makes the compressor impeller spin. The air compressor in its turn produces boost pressure. Compressed air cools down by the intercooler thus reaching higher density and then goes into the engine combustion chamber. There it is mixed with fuel and thus, power explosion happens. The more exhaust fumes are released, the faster the turbine spins. The faster the turbine is the more air is compressed by the compressor. The more compressed and dense the air is the more power explosion takes place in the chamber. And thus, you get better and much more powerful boost.

The main basis for the maximum horsepower is provided by the air-fuel mixture. The more air is compressed into the engine intake the more fuel you can add there. The power depends greatly on the amount and volume of air-fuel mixture. Thus, air compression is a vital process for adding more power to your vehicle. However, it has a drawback: air compression is fraught with increased temperature. The heat causes the engine to produce less power. Fortunately, the engineers have found a remedy for this drawback. They have invented and intercooler. When the compressed air is run through it, it is cooled down to the required temperature before it enters the combustion chamber.

Sometimes people prefer to install a twin turbo system. They mainly do it to improve the performance and decrease the turbo lag. It might be felt at low RPMs. At this stage exhaust manifold does not produce enough pressurized exhaust fumes to spin the turbine vane and consequently the compressor impeller cannot make optimum boost.

Twin turbo systems can be of two types: parallel and sequential. Parallel turbo consist of two turbochargers of small diameter and equal flow capacity. They always work simultaneously. They are both connected to the exhaust manifold. They are often used on V-type engines. This type of turbo system needs less pressure from the exhaust manifold to spin up the whole system and it does it in much less time. And it still produces big amounts of compressed air, but with reduced turbo lag.

Sequential turbo systems are less common. They also consist of two turbochargers. One of them is larger and has higher flow capacity. The system works like this: the smaller turbocharger spools up and builds pressure necessary for the secondary larger turbocharger to spool up. This system also adds more boost and reduces turbo lag.

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